This paper aims at modeling a single alternative production venture and a two alternative production venture using mathematical and analog models simultaneously. Sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the authenticity of the models by analyzing data collected from similar production ventures. The break even point for the production ventures were determined using both the mathematical and analog models, and this helped in taking decisions for a single alternative and two alternative production ventures which were considered in the study.  

The purpose of financial accounting data and insight to assist decision-making by their own organizational performance. While the aim of the research is to evaluate the usefulness of accounting information to investors and other users of financial reporting accounting, which is a great source for information about the investment that is required for any investment decision. Cash flow information to users of financial statements to obtain information about the use of financial resources during a time period. In particular, if cash flow is the kind of information that includes details of the operations, investing, and financing activities gives. Financial statements do not reflect accrual and cash flows of information about one of the major weaknesses of the financial statements of commitment. In such circumstances, it is assumed that the lack of information about cash flows can be both internal and external decision-makers astray. Investment is essential in the process of economic development of the country. Factors influencing the choice of investment, investment risk and return on investment. Investors are trying to ensure the highest return on investment funds somewhere and have the lowest risk. Therefore, companies should focus on profit besides, the maximum efficiency and manage risk as a limiting factor. Unlike return, risk and non-quantitative concept in mind, therefore, more efforts on economic and financial experts to identify and measure risk is concentrated.

volumetric depletion and gas-injection techniques were compared, gearing towards improving oil recovery factor in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs. The primary input data of the model were estimated values of total gas-condensate initially in place, recoverable gas and liquid volumes, permeability uniformity factor (^EK), displacement (^ED) and sweep (^Eswp) efficiencies in gas injection technique and Field plus laboratory test data of the field o study. The condensable hydrocarbons recovery modelling using volumetric depletion and gas-injection methods were developed based on traditional simulation and can be used in condensable hydrocarbons recovery evaluations. The techniques for monitoring proper pressure maintenance were also developed using daily reservoir voidage out replacement by the injected gas volume. The estimated cumulative fluids (liquid and gas(oil) recovery factor (ranges from 62 to 76% for 80% efficiencies) was higher and encouraging in gas injection method than in volumetric depletion method under the same conditions. Retrograde condensation was reduced because pressure was fairly maintained

Water and gas injection techniques were compared, gearing towards improving oil recovery factor in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs. The primary input data of the model were estimated using average values of the field, separator recombined fluids and laboratory test data: total gas-condensate initially in place, recoverable gas and liquid volumes, permeability uniformity factor (^EK), displacement (^ED) and sweep (^Eswp) efficiencies, injected fluid invasion factor (F) and laboratory test data of the field of study. The condensable hydrocarbons recovery modeling using water-injection and gas-injection methods were developed. The principles were based on traditional simulation and can be used in condensable hydrocarbons recovery evaluations. The techniques for monitoring proper pressure maintenance were also developed using daily reservoir voidage out replacement by the injected fluids volumes. The estimated cumulative liquid (oil) recovery factor (ranges from 62 to 76%) was higher and more encouraging in water-injection method than in gas-injection method under similar conditions. This advantage was attributed better pressure maintenance by water than gas injection. More so, some of the injected gas was produced, some zone into shrink gas-cap and some initial zones been displaced by gas.

In this paper, the voltage stability problem of Nigerian national grid is investigated. A method of voltage limit violation correction, with simultaneous reduction in the grid active power losses, by properly dispatching the various var compensators in the power system is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique on the Nigeria power system for the entire 37-bus network is simulated using PowerWorld simulating machine and a drop of 48.41% in the grid system active power loss was achieved.

Phishing websites is a semantic attack which targets the user rather than the computer. It is a relatively new Internet crime in comparison with other forms, e.g., virus and hacking. The phishing problem is a hard problem because of the fact that it is very easy for an attacker to create an exact replica of a good banking site, which looks very convincing to users. The most significant problem, is particularly relevant with the phishing corpus. The phishing problem is a hard problem because of the fact that it is very easy for an attacker to create an exact replica of a good banking site, which looks very convincing to users. Phishing is a threat in which users are sent fake emails that urge them to click a link (URL) which takes to a phisher's website to hack the secret information. There is Effectiveness Metric (EM) values of email classification features.

Several studies have suggested that multimode interference coupler with exponential taper structure is advantageous as compared to parabolic taper structure. This paper shows a comparative study of 1×2 MMI coupler with exponential and parabolic taper structure using 2D finite difference beam propagation method (BPM). We have found that for the proposed design over the same dimension, performance of MMI coupler with exponential taper structure is better as compare to parabolic taper structure. On the other hand effective refractive index (Neff) is also studied in comparison with width and wavelength for both exponential and parabolic tapered MMI coupler

The Research work Human action recognisation region of interest part of video with hybrid technique and enhancement of Non –region of interest part is studied in this work. In recent years, automatic human activity recognition has drawn much attention in the field of video analysis technology due to the growing demands from many applications, such as surveillance environments, entertainment environments and healthcare systems. There is problem is the sparse decoding data loss problem due to ROI and NOI-ROI region of the action detected video. To enhance the human action detection part of the video and non auctioned part of the video with the help of Hybrid technique. The SVM is used detect the 2D/3D pose of the human and  the accuracy of the system on different datasets are tested.

Cloud Computing is considered as one of the most important topics in the information technology in recent years. It refers to computational resources available on demand via network as a service, where one of its main advantages is cost saving. Several researchers have presented its usefulness for developing countries as they do not have enough funds to establish their own information technology infrastructure and services. However, there seems to be scarcity in the current literature of empirical studies to explore effective cloud computing implementation in these countries. This paper is an attempt to develop a managerial framework for leveraging cloud computing successful implementation in the public sector of developing countries. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in the Palestinian public sector organizations. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations and the collection of related archival documents. The framework focuses attention on the achievement of twofold prerequisites for successful cloud computing realization; organizational readiness assessment and cloud-readiness assessment. The framework presented is important in that it identifies a set of determinants for the two prerequisites for cloud computing realization.

In this paper, an image compression technique is presented based on wavelet transform. The proposed technique has been compressing the image using wavelet transform based multiresolution analysis with Huffman encoding technique. It is tested over the different gray scale images and performance evaluated in term of compression ratio (CR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE). Here, compression obtained with different compression rate using iterates the bit-per-pixel. Overall, analysis has shown the effect of controlled bit rate over the quality of image for compression application.

Vehicle security has become one of the major problem for owners. The aim of this project is to design & development of a vehicle location based system, which is used to control the theft of the vehicles. The developing system uses an embedded system based on (GSM) technology with CAN bus. An interfacing mobile is also connected to the microcontroller, which is connected to the engine system. Once, the vehicle is theft, the information is used by the vehicle owner for further procedure. The owner sends the message to the mobile which is embedded in the vehicle that has stolen in turn controls the vehicle engine by locking the working of the engine at once. The developed system accepts the message and broadcasted to the Vehicle Network through CAN Bus. The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile communication into an embedded system. The designed system is low cost & very simple.

Cloud can be meant as an infrastructure that provides resources and/or service over the internet. Cloud computing has demonstrated that processing very large datasets over commodity clusters can be done by giving the accurate programming model. Data mining is the procedure of analyzing data from different perspectives and briefs it into constructive information. Data mining has been measured as a necessary component in business domain. Cloud computing has revolutionized the way computing and software services are delivered to the clients on demand. The integration of data mining techniques into normal day-to-day activities has become common place. Using the single cloud provider is a major problem among the clients in the cloud as the outside attacker can analyze their data for a long time to gain the sensitive information. Cloud computing provides means to improve or add abilities on- demand without making an investment in setting up infrastructures, training new employees. Therefore, security concerns among users of the cloud have become a major barrier to the widespread growth of cloud computing. Hence, this is a big concern for many clients of cloud. In this paper, we identify the data mining based privacy risks on cloud data and we have given the data mining based attacks on cloud data as well as describe how data mining is used in cloud computing.

Chitosan is the most abundant polysaccharide next to cellulose; it is obtained by alkaline N-deacetylation of chitin. The major raw material for chitosan production is shrimp heads and shells. Shells of other crustaceans such as crabs, lobster, squilla and cuttle fish bones also could be profitably utilized. Chitosan has been widely investigated as a drug carrier for many possible routes of administration because chitosan has favourable biological properties, such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial characteristics. The physical and chemical properties of chitosan such as inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the cationic charge in acidic medium, makes this polymer more attractive for the development of conventional and novel pharmaceutical product. Chitosan can serve a number of purposes, including a coating agent, gel former, controlled-release matrix etc. in addition to desirable properties, such as muco-adhesion and permeation enhancement to improve oral bioavailability of drug. The microbial floras that are present in the colon degrade chitosan; as a result chitosan is a good candidate for site-specific drug delivery. Chitosan has been found to be of use in many clinical situations for ameliorating variety of human ailments, ranging from wound healing, glomerulonephritis up to substitute of artificial red blood cells. These multiform aspects of chitosan parallel to those as a drug carrier make it a unique polymer in pharmaceutical field.

Human Resource Accounting is the process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resources and communicating this information to the parties’ interested. It attempts to identify and report the Investments made in Human Resources of an organisation that are currently not accounted for in the Conventional Accounting Practices. In order to estimate and project the worth of the human capital. It is essential that some method of measuring the worth of the knowledge, skill, motivation, and contribution of the human elements as well as that of organizational processes, like recruitment & selection, training, etc which are used to build, develop and support these human aspects, must be  properly developed and implemented. HRA implies this process of measurement of Human Resources. Like in Accountancy,   fixed assets like Building or Premises, Land, Plant and Machinery are recorded in the books of accounts at their purchase price or invoice price. Now, depreciation charged on these assets is considered as the cost for the particular financial year and debited to profit and loss accounts and the remaining balance is shown in the balance sheet as written down value of the assets. Likewise, on similar lines the human resources should also be measured and evaluated, recorded in the books, operated and disclosed in the financial statements.

The primary aim of HR Accounting is to depict the worth of the employees in quantifiable term, i.e. monetary terms. This concept can be viewed from 2 directions –

1. Cost of Human Resources- the expenditure incurred for recruiting, enhancing the quality of the employees, staffing and training.

2. Value of Human Resources- the yield which the above investment would yield in the future.

Cities and towns play a vital role in promoting economic growth and prosperity. Although less than one-third of India’s people   live in cities and towns, these areas generate over two-third of the country’s income and account for 90% of government revenues. In the coming years, as India becomes more and more urbanized, urban areas will play a critical role in sustaining high rates of economic growth. Although Indian cities have lower vehicle ownership rate, number of vehicles per capita, than their counterparts in developed countries, they suffer from worse congestion, delay, pollution, and accidents than cities in the industrialized world. Traffic calming is coined as the best technique to overcome traffic congestions and accidents. Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behaviour and improve conditions for non-motorized street users. The concept of traffic calming is fundamentally concerned with reducing the adverse impact of motor vehicles on built up areas. This usually involves reducing vehicle speeds, providing more space for pedestrians and cyclists, and improving the local environment It includes change in street alignment, installation of barrier and other physical measures to reduce traffic speed and /or volume in the interest of safety and liveability. The main objective of this study  is to reduce the high frequency of collision and the need for police enforcement. It aims at achieving slow speeds for motor vehicles and enhancement of safety for non motorized users. A junction in Hyderabad which is subjected to congestion and high frequency of collision is considered for study and requirements of traffic calming in the junction have been analysed.

Natural Zeolite Stilbite was collected near Ellora Ajanta belt.Characterization was made using XRD, IR as usual method. Application of natural zeolite Stilbite was done with soil and result was reported

Cloud computing is a well combination of service oriented characteristics and utility based computing. Growth rate of data in cloud environment is attaining an exponential rate. As a result, there is a need to supervise this gigantic heterogeneous data which can be both unstructured and structured in nature. This data can be managed at varied levels in cloud that is at the end user level, cloud service provider level as well as data center level. Besides, we cannot manage big data with our current methodologies or data mining software tools as big data is a word used to classify the datasets that due to their large size and complexity is not easy to manage. The big data challenge is becoming one of the most exhilarating opportunities for the next years. In the current scenario, we try to present outline of the topic, its current status, controversy and forecast to the future. Cloud computing is the budding technology which is based on pay per use model. It is computing guide where applications, bandwidth, data and IT services are provided via Internet. The purpose of the cloud service providers is to use resource skillful and attain the maximum profit. This leads to task scheduling as a core and thrilling issue in cloud computing. Scheduling is one of the procedures of determining how to compel resources between varieties of feasible tasks. In this paper, we try to elucidate various types of deadline scheduling algorithms that meet the deadline which have been surveyed and analyzed. This work explores the basic features of data mining techniques in cloud computing and secure the data using some proper method. This paper elaborate data mining techniques into cloud computing & making it a hybrid approach.

Flakiness & Elongation index is one of the most prominent criteria that govern behavior and performance of aggregate in the bituminous mixes. The strength and serviceability requirements of bituminous mixture such as Stability, Flow, Voids in Total mix (VTM), Voids Filled with Bitumen and (VFB) highly depend on the physical properties of aggregates. This study conducted by observing the effect of flakiness & elongated index by adding different percentages from 0% to 50% of flaky & elongated aggregates of different sieve with required quantity to the bituminous mixes. The method of Marshall Mix design is adopted for this purpose.

 The change in rotation angle of coarse aggregate was found to correlate well with the internal resistance of a HMA mix. The particle shape determines how aggregate was packed into a dense configuration and also determines the internal resistance of a mix. Cubical particles were desirable for increased aggregate internal friction and improved rutting resistance. Also the Particle index (PI) value correlated well to aggregate geometric characteristics. The more cubical the aggregate, the higher the PI value is obtained.

The latest advancement in H.264 video compression technique is CAVLC method used for entropy coding. After the prediction, transformation and quantization a block of 4X4 is obtained containing mostly zeros. The zig zag scan of block is done to obtain the following for better compression in this lossless technique. 1)Non zero coefficients from neighboring blocks are correlated and encoded using look up table. 2) The main sequence obtained by zig zag scan is ±1 coefficients which represent the highest frequencies. 3) Zeros and the run level coding of zeroes after the scanning are encoded by referring the look up tables. 4) Levels in zig zag block are the representation of the highest to lowest frequencies.

A Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an instance of MANETs that establishes wireless connections between cars. VANET provides three major classes of applications possible in VANET are safety oriented, convenience oriented and commercial oriented. One key component of VANET simulations is the movement pattern of vehicles, also called the mobility model. Mobility models determine the location of nodes in the topology at any given instant, which strongly affects network connectivity and throughput. The Mobility Model governs the set of rules that define movement pattern of nodes in ad-hoc network. Network simulators can then, by using this information, create random topologies based on nodes position and perform some tasks between the nodes. VANET requires modification of the existing MANET protocols to adapt itself into VANET scenario .Several mobility models are developed in this regard. In this Paper Various mobility Models and Routing protocols are discussed and models are compared according to different routing protocols. Simulations results are shown for different mobility models over different protocols using VanetMobiSim and NS-2.

economic reforms- Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, (LPG) started in 1991 in India. The main objective of the government was to achieve high economic growth and industrialize the nation for the well-being of Indian citizens. Thus Indian market became Global and open market. Increasing productivity is an ever present challenge in the manufacturing industry where demands on resource utilization and reduced tied up capital are increasing constantly in order to match the competition and stay ahead as a world class manufacturing.  Lean manufacturing tools are one of the most influential and effective methodologies for eliminating waste, controlling quality, improving overall performance of any machines, system or process.  By using the lean manufacturing tools, time consumption, human effort,  effective utilization of machines, raw material usage and control the inventory are analyzed which is converted into productive output.  By this process the increase of productivity and develop an overview of conceptual framework of lean manufacturing practices to minimize the production cost. An Investigation was carried out in automotive industry manufacturing commercial vehicle power steering gear for implementation of lean manufacturing the following part line – cover. By using following lean tools Heijunka (Level scheduling), Kanban (Pull system), VSM (Value Stream Mapping), Visual Factory and Standardized work will be carried out for implementation of lean manufacturing. The various parameters collected during the investigation will be simulated using FLEXSIM simulation software for finding the optimal solution.

In this paper, the dynamics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system is modelled, simulated and presented. Recent and Modern application of PEMFC is for uninterrupted power supply and stationary power generator. It is replacement of traditional methods of generation and also pollution free source. Matlab-Simulink^TM is used for the modeling and simulation of the fuel cell system. Also, characteristic of 6kW PEM fuel cell system is obtained by simulation. Paper has made an attempt to use PEMFC for three phase load. PEMFC generation is converted in to three phase AC source using power converters. Simulation results which includes waveforms of current, voltage and power are presented in this paper. The analysis of stand alone applications of PEM fuel cell generator system can be achieved with this dynamic simulation model.

Public key cryptosystem or asymmetric cryptosystem has more security over the secret key cryptosystem or symmetric cryptosystem because this has a pair of keys which are mathematically related and are used at both sender and receiver end. In this paper we propose an efficient astroid curve over prime field. This public key cryptographic technique is used for secured data transmission and is highly reliable. This work includes encryption of  the intelligent message at sender and the decryption of the unintelligent message at receiver end

‘Visual cryptography’ means  providing security to the cover  image, cover image is divided  into ‘n’ shares, and stacking back of ‘n’ shares will give the image back. ‘Pseudo-randomization algorithm’ is used to generate these two shares using two random numbers. These shares are just noise like images which do not reveal any secret information. Using this encryption algorithm we provide security to the cover image. For the decryption, we perform simple computation to get back our original image. As an extension  the decryption part is also carried out in VHDL. So that in future this can be implemented using hardware.

Offsite construction methods are increasingly popular in construction industry, offsite construction, also referred to as modern methods of construction (MMC) offers many advantages in terms of quality of construction, cost control, construction time and environmental credentials. It is also seen as a means to help reduce the amount of waste generated on site.

Precast concrete manufactured offsite for structural and ornamental elements have been extensively used for a wide variety of projects, from railway sleepers to bridge elements, housing and stadia. Precast concrete products are reported to potentially reduce waste on construction site by as much as 50% when compared to more traditional approaches. The nature of concrete and off production methods allows manufactures to produce standardized elements using pre-set forms and shutters that are endlessly reused. Furthermore design and manufacturing process does not require temporary supports and scaffolding that are, or more conventional sites, waste generating, time consuming and a health and safety hazard.

Offsite construction relates to construction activities that are carried out in a factory environment away from the site. Due to set up of offsite production facilities, and possibilities offered to manufactures to improve the assembly process, offsite construction has a range of advantage compared to traditional build. The importance of offsite construction methods has increased since mid 1990.Offsite precast construction methods have been in use for over a century for a wide range of construction, from floor to high rise buildings, from single components to building system. Like other offsite method of construction, precast concrete offers the known advantages in terms of efficiency of construction process, improved construction program better budget control and improved quality.

Data Aggregation is an important aspect in Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs and this is because it reduces the amount of data to be transmitted over the network. This is done by either avoiding the transmission of redundant data or aggregating the result from different sensors and forwarding only the aggregated result further to BS. In previous studies authors used homomorphic encryption properties for concealing communication during aggregation such that encrypted data can be aggregated algebraically without decrypting them. These schemes are not satisfying multi applications which lead to proposal of CDAMA (Concealed Data Aggregation for Multi Applications). It is designed for multi applications, as it provides secure counting capability and also it reduces the effect of compromising secrets of a single application. In wireless sensor networks or environments the sensor nodes are defenseless and are vulnerable to some attacksTo prove our proposed scheme’s robustness and efficiency, we conducted the simulations, comprehensive analysis and comparisons in the end.

The buildings situated on hill slopes in earthquake prone areas are generally irregular, torsionally coupled . Hence, susceptible to serve damage when affected by earthquake ground motion. Such buildings have mass & stiffness varying along the vertical & horizontal planes, resulting the center of mass & center of rigidity do not coincide on various floors,  they demand torsional analysis, in addition to lateral forces under the action of earthquakes. This study compels with a review of studies on the seismic behavior of buildings resting on sloping ground. It is observed that the seismic behavior of buildings on sloping ground differ from other buildings. The various floors of such buildings step backs towards hill slope and at the same time buildings may have setbacks also. Most of the studies agree that the buildings resting on sloping ground has higher displacement and base shear compared to buildings resting on plain ground and the shorter column attracts more forces and undergo damage when subjected to earthquake. Step back building could prove more vulnerable to seismic excitation.

The use of technology is drastically becoming an important indicator of human progress in all schemes of human endeavors such as business, economics, education etc.  There are many Es nowadays such as e-business, e-learning, e-banking and many others. No doubt that technology is useful for effective teaching and learning. However, limited attention has been given to Technology for Teaching Arabic Language TTAL (Stone, 2003). The primary objective of this paper is to explore the usage of technology in teaching of Arabic language and to investigate the teachers’ perceptions in the integration of technology to Arabic language learning. The methodology used in this study is qualitative where a Principal and 3 Arabic teachers were purposely selected to be interviewed. The main findings of this study are: Technology promotes the effective teaching and learning of Arabic language, Arabic teachers’ awareness and Inadequate, Inappropriate of Technological Materials. And recommend the need more Arabic technological materials to promote the active learning of Arabic language.

Software projects today are more gigantic than ever before with teams spanning the globe working on the same program test strategies are changing rapidly. A culture of quality in all part of the organization is essential for software testing successes.

This paper is concerned with diagnosing the impart of test strategy in software testing through analyzing the factors considered before software testing effort is imitiated software testing must be planned carefully to avoid wasting development time and resources. Test specification document should be reviewed like all other software engineering work products.

P-learning an agent based Personalized e-learning is an efficient education method, developing in a fast manner. Multi-agent system is one of the emerging trends in computer science.  It  can  provide  new  solutions  to  very  complex  and  restrictive  system. In recent days, the  application  of  multi-agent  systems  is spreading  in  almost  every  field  though  e-learning  is  also  gaining its benefits. Personalization in e-learning has drawn more and more attention. E-learning has provided us the capability  of  providing  quality  education  to  masses  without  restricting them  to  specific  time  or  place.  We have lots of different existing systems, but most of them are lacking all the features like personalization, intelligence, accessibility and security in one single system. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of using intelligent agents to facilitate the location and customization of appropriate e-learning resources and to foster collaboration in e-learning environments.

The influence of maintenance policy on the industrial sector is highly important, where there is a significant correlation between maintenance policies and some of the items related to international standard (ISO 9001- 2000) such as  infrastructure, work environment, control of the production and service operations, and the adjustment of  the measurement and monitoring tools.  The aim of this study is to provide the intellectual and workable framework that relies on the arguments of researchers and those interested in the fields of management, production and engineering operations to highlight the role of maintenance policies in contributing to the achievement of quality. The industrial and governmental sectors were selected in the province of Nineveh as an arena to do the field work. The sample of the study comprises of six governmental and industrial companies. Questionnaires are used as the main tool for data collection.  The study shows the need for sites with appropriate physical working conditions of temperature, humidity, and ventilation to do work in order to ensure the quality of performance through the maintenance policies.

The life expectancy of the transformer largely depends on the temperature-rise in it. If the temperature-rise exceeds limits specified in the design standards, the aging of insulating materials is accelerated and also the capability of cooling medium is deteriorated. So, applicable limits of the temperature-rise are essential in designing transformer and coolers, demanding the estimation of the thermal behavior of transformer.

In order to analyze the temperature Characteristics of the transformer, the numerical analysis by using ANSYS has been carried out, and temperature-rise test to verify computed results was made.

                The results obtained in this study show that there is a good agreement between computed results and experimental one.

Islamic banking started four decades ago in Saudi Arabia and was expected to have a significant relationship and contribution towards the economic growth of the country. This study aims to investigate the long run and dynamic relationship between Islamic banking and economic growth in the case of Saudi. The annually time-series data of total Islamic Bank financing (IBF), real Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and Trade activities (TRADE) from 2000 to 2012 are used in this study. Using cointegration and Granger’s causality method, we found that there is evidence of a unidirectional relationship between Islamic bank Financing and GFCF that supports «Supply Leading» hypothesis. Thus Islamic Banking influences the economic growth of Saudi by increasing its Investment. It implies that the development of Islamic banking is one of the policies, which should be considered by the government to achieve highrates of economic growth.

Significant risks for human health may results from exposure to non pathogenic  toxic  contaminants that  are  often  globally  ubiquitous  in  waters  from  which drinking water is derived to measure the Boron,, concentration in water samples in Dhi-Qar governorate in Iraq. The measurements were performed by analyzing the  water  samples  collected from  45 location  using Carmine method.The Boron concentra- tions which  is obtained ranged from 0.25151 ppm  in Al-Fhued-al-amaira (1) to 1.05782 ppm  in AL- Garma - Center (1) in water samples. The results are presented and compared with other studies. The results could be utilized to make distinctive suppleme- ntary contributions when contamination event occurs and to implement water quality standards by concerned authorities to maintain radioactive contamination-free drinking water supplies for the people. The study further reveals that 45 surface water samples have boron below detection limit. The presence of boron in drinking water sources in this territory is of of natural origin. Thus, there is possibility of severe pollution problem with boron in near future.

Bandpass filters play a significant role in wireless communication systems. Transmitted and received signals have to be filtered at a certain center frequency with a specific bandwidth. This paper proposes an efficient technique to design a destructive ground structure (DGS) based microstrip bandpass filter. A dumbbell shaped DGS is used to design a microstrip bandpass filter. Here, a chebyshev type of bandpass filter is designed first and then by DGS the losses occurred in the gain will be minimized resulting in the miniaturizing the structure of bandpass filter. Furthermore, the extraction method of equivalent circuit parameters has also been derived. Demonstrating several simulations and comparisons on DGS circuits shows the validity of the proposed equivalent circuit model and modeling method. Also, by employing the proposed equivalent circuit of DGS, a harmonic rejection band pass filter is optimized. Simulation results for an optimized DGS based band pass filter for pass band from 5 GHz to 7 GHz are demonstrated. The simulation results agree with the theoretical ones.

single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) holds extremely good electrical and mechanical properties in conjugation to their application in sub nanometer regime and a viable replacement to Cu interconnects. This indeed raises a need to realize their characteristic impedance and the analysis of their transient behavior under different mismatch conditions to optimize the performance of total circuitry. The paper intends to overview the safe amount of load mismatch tolerated by SWCNT bundles with configuration of varying lengths and diameters without any signal reliability issues.

The vector space of the tensors  of type (0,3) having the same symmetries as the covariant derivative of the fundamental form of an almost r-contact metric manifold is considered. A scheme of decomposition of  into orthogonal components which are invariant under the action of  is given . Using this decomposition there are found 12 natural basic classes of almost r-contact metric manifolds. The classes of cosymplectic, Sasakian, Kenmotsu, etc. manifolds fit nicely to these considerations. On the other hand , many new interesting classes of almost r-contact metric manifolds arise

Efficient use of the demolished concrete would reduce the costs and definitely lead to conservation of the invaluable non-renewable sources of energy and hence must be given due importance. The demolished concrete could be used as aggregate for concrete resulting in large consumption of the material. Recycling is the act of processing the used material for use in creating new product. The usage of natural aggregate is getting more and more intense with the development in infrastructure area. In order to reduce the usage of natural aggregate, recycled aggregate can be used as the replacement materials. Recycled aggregate comprise of crushed, graded inorganic particles obtained from the materials that have been used in the constructions and demolition debris. These materials are generally from buildings, roads, bridges, and sometimes even from catastrophes, such as wars and earthquakes. This study involves the experimental investigation of effect of fly ash and rice husk ash on the properties of burnt clay bricks. Determine the properties of the bricks casted with varying proportions of admixtures is taken into consideration whether the admixtures can be used for the production of clay bricks. On seeing the present day demand for bricks, an attempt is made to study the behavior of bricks manufactured using, different waste materials like rice husk ash and fly ash. The main aim of this work was to compare the compressive strength of the bricks. The bricks were made, sun dried and burnt in a kiln, and then with the help of Compression Testing Machine (C.T.M.) finely their compressive strength was calculated. From this test in this research work it was concluded that the bricks with fly ash as the waste material admixture, gave the highest compressive strength.

Two basic mixes were chosen for natural sand to achieve M 20 and M 30 Grade concrete. The equivalent mixes were obtained by replacing natural sand by stone dust partially and fully. Test results indicate that crushed stone dust waste can be used effectively to replace natural sand in concrete. Concrete made with this replacement can attain the same compressive strength, comparable tensile strength, modulus of rupture and lower degree of shrinkage as the control concrete.

.In the experimental study stone dust, the cubes were tested for 7days and 28days compressive strength 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% replacement of fine aggregate by stone dust in M25 and M30 grade concrete. The 7 days 28 days compressive strength is shown in tables 4.2 to 4.3and 4.6 to 4.7 respectively. The 7 days and28 days flexural strength beams obtained by replacing 0%, 20%, 50%, and 100% fine aggregate with stone dust is shown in tables 4.4 to 4.5 and 4.8 to 4.9 respectively. The result of cylinders that were tested for 28 days is shown tables 4.10 to 4.11.It has been observed that the result obtained in all compressive, flexural and spilt tensile strength are comparable with that of concrete with stone dust.

MANETs are the networks having array of nodes such that the functionality of each node is independent of the infrastructure and are still a part of the whole network. Need of security is growing with the advancements of MANETs because MANETs may interact with hostile environment. Due to this interaction there may be some DoS attacks on the data sent by us. Jamming comes under DoS attacks. In these attacks, the desired data is banned from being received at the receiver such that various effects on the desired communication are obtained that are undesirable for smooth communication. So we need to secure our data from such attacks. But this security of MANETs is difficult due to various computing constraints and inherent resources. So we have shown the effects of jamming on parameters (Energy, Routing overhead, No. of hops travelled, throughput and packet loss) associated with MANETs

This project gives the systematic procedure of the modeling and simulation of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for power quality problem, voltage sag based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. This problem is reduced by using custom power devices. The control of the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is done with the help of PWM.  The proposed DVR is modeled and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink environment.

The Deep Drawing Process in sheet metal Processing, has wide scope for producing cup shaped components for various applications such as fuel tanks of vehicles, fan cowls, side panels of two wheeler vehicles etc. In Deep Drawing Process the raw material is pressed with the Punch & Die assembly to produce the final shape. The raw material in this case is called as ‘Blank’. At present the ‘Blank’ size required for particular components is calculated by formulas available in books. This paper describes the Automatic Blank size calculation by customizing the CAD package for CYLINDRICAL parts to avoid repetitive, time consuming tasks. The research uses the Moment Area Method for calculation of Blank size. The CAD package used here is Unigraphics(NX) & VB.NET API is used to customize the NX. The Program is tested on a cylindrical component as an illustration.

the aim of this study is to examine and analyze the determinants of total factor productivity in Algeria during the period 1980-2011.Using the standard form of self-regression model with periods of delay spread ‘’ARDL’’. The study concluded, into this results like the importance of the effect of wages, exports and real exchange rate on productivity of the College where the contribution of this moral factors, consistent with economic theory where each wage has a positive impact on overall productivity growth either real exchange rate impact it negatively because of the existence of an inverse relationship with total productivity.

Polarization Interleaving technique has many advantages such as excellent SNR performance, freedom from interference of continuous channels of wavelength multiplexed channels etc and proves to be a good choice for it's applications in WDM-FSO system employing polarization Interleaving(PI). This paper investigates the performance of WDM-FSO-PI system under the effect of atmospheric turbulences in comparison to WDM-FSO which does not employ the technique of polarization Interleaving.  In this work 128Gbps data is sent through 16 channels each of capacity 8Gbps and is transmitted over free space optical link. Performance analysis is done in terms of SNR, power and eye diagrams.

This paper reports a novel idea of  metallurgical  characterization of electron beam welded Copper-Chromium-Zirconium (CRZ) with stainless steel (SS) 316L by using Ni as an intermediate. EBW weldment was placed through a series of tests, and characterization includes; material composition (macroscopic and microscopic) and hardness survey on different test specimens. Prior to welding, CRZ material was solution annealed at 980°C for 15 min. After welding, the material was placed through a conventional post weld heat treatment cycle; i.e aging at 460–480°C for 4.5 hr.Macro and micro-analysis of the EBW weldments exhibited a columnar grain microstructure with the exception of a reduced Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), and less distortion weld. Mechanical hardness properties were evaluated at various metallographic locations, including the substrate, HAZ, and weld filler material.